
The Pharisee and the Tax Collector, James Tissot c.1894, The Brooklyn Museum, New York City, NY, USA.
“The Pharisee took up his position and spoke this prayer to himself, ‘O God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of humanity — greedy, dishonest, adulterous…..” Luke 18:11.
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Here we have one of the more well known parables in the gospels. It is pretty easy to imagine – and even update – this simple scene with the self-satisfied and complaisant and no doubt wealthy Pharisee and the clearly penitent tax collector, unable even to raise his eyes to heaven. Remember that the tax collector would be regarded with distain, even loathing, by just about everyone listening to Jesus. Such a one collaborated with the pagan, unclean Romans and was therefore unclean himself, yet here Jesus said he returned home justified, unlike the Pharisee. And no doubt “standing off at a distance” indicated that perhaps he was not allowed within the area of the holy temple at all, being unclean (and remember “unclean” does not mean unwashed; here it means he had become tainted with ritual impurity). Now Jesus did not try to justify the tax collector’s occupation, he did not say he returned home determined to quit his unclean job. Jesus simply said he went home “justified”. There might be a thousand reasons he could not renounce his unclean job – we do not know. But we do know he went home “justified”. In other words, the intention within his very soul is the important element here. The Pharisee was glorifying himself. The tax collector was asking for God’s mercy. Indeed there is a Catholic and Orthodox prayer based on this parable:
Oh Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, be merciful to me a poor sinner”
Breath in for the first phrase, breathing in Christ himself, and then breath out the sinfulness, gone for good. So the tax collector, of all people, has led us all to the God of Mercy!
One might wonder after all that if there is any place at all for us to acknowledge our good works in obedience to God. Well, yes there is, and today’s second reading is pretty well perfect as an example. St. Paul was awaiting execution for being a believer in Christ. Now remember that the ancient Romans believed that the gods and goddesses were the ones who protected their empire. Refusal to worship them, honor them, sacrifice to them, was tantamount to betrayal – treason, if you will. You endangered the Empire if you did not bow to this pantheon. And Christians refused to do that. There was One God, and One alone. And that condemned the Christians to an on and off persecution which would last almost 300 years. Indeed, they were even accused of atheism as one god was tantamount to no god!
So St. Paul, in summing up his life prior to his impending martyrdom, today’s second reading, openly admits that God was the source of his strength and toughness: “But the Lord stood by me and gave me strength, so that through me the proclamation might be completed and all the Gentiles might hear it. He also says, “I am already being poured out like a libation, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have competed well; I have finished the race; I have kept the faith.” This is not boasting, but simply stating the truth, and thereby setting an example for everyone else. God is the source of his strength, not himself. You cannot say that of the Pharisee’s speech, which was entirely about himself in direct comparison to the lesser mortals around him. Paul says all that in order to encourage others to run the race and win the crown of righteousness. Not an echo of that with the Pharisee; no-one can even compete with his generosity and greatness! So today’s readings offer us a choice. And only each each one of us can decide, alone with God, which it should be.

The Crown of Righteousness, sabeel@sabeel.org
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